DOI: 10.1038/ngeo1669
论文题名: Primary surface ruptures of the great Himalayan earthquakes in 1934 and 1255
作者: Sapkota S.N. ; Bollinger L. ; Klinger Y. ; Tapponnier P. ; Gaudemer Y. ; Tiwari D.
刊名: Nature Geoscience
ISSN: 17520894
出版年: 2013
卷: 6, 期: 1 起始页码: 71
结束页码: 76
语种: 英语
Scopus关键词: earthquake rupture
; fluvial deposit
; geomorphology
; plate boundary
; seismology
; thrust fault
; twentieth century
; uplift
; Bagmati
; Himalayas
; Kathmandu
; Nepal
英文摘要: It is unclear where plate boundary thrusts generate giant rather than great earthquakes. Along the Himalayas, the source sizes and recurrence times of large seismic events are particularly uncertain, since no surface signatures were found for those that shook the range in the twentieth century. Here we challenge the consensus that these events remained blind and did not rupture the surface. We use geomorphological mapping of fluvial deposits, palaeo-seismological logging of river-cut cliffs and trench walls, and modelling of calibrated 14 C ages, to show that the M w 8.2 Bihar-Nepal earthquake on 15 January 1934 did break the surface: traces of the rupture are clear along at least 150 km of the Main Frontal Thrust fault in Nepal, between 8550′ and 8720′ E. Furthermore, we date collapse wedges in the Sir Valley and find that the 7 June AD 1255 earthquake, an event that devastated Kathmandu and mortally wounded the Nepalese King Abhaya Malla, also ruptured the surface along this stretch of the mega-thrust. Thus, in the past 1,000 years, two great earthquakes, 679 years apart, rather than one giant eleventh-century AD event, contributed to the frontal uplift of young river terraces in eastern Nepal. The rare surface expression of these earthquakes implies that surface ruptures of other reputedly blind great Himalayan events might exist. © 2013 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved.
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资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/106915
Appears in Collections: 气候减缓与适应 科学计划与规划
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作者单位: National Seismic Center, Department of Mines and Geology, Lainchaur, Kathmandu, Nepal; CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France; Univ. Paris Diderot, UMR 7154 CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France; Earth Observatory of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
Recommended Citation:
Sapkota S.N.,Bollinger L.,Klinger Y.,et al. Primary surface ruptures of the great Himalayan earthquakes in 1934 and 1255[J]. Nature Geoscience,2013-01-01,6(1)