DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.06.024
Scopus记录号: 2-s2.0-85049357385
论文题名: The stability of chlorinated, brominated, and iodinated haloacetamides in drinking water
作者: Ding S. ; Chu W. ; Krasner S.W. ; Yu Y. ; Fang C. ; Xu B. ; Gao N.
刊名: Water Research
ISSN: 431354
出版年: 2018
卷: 142 起始页码: 490
结束页码: 500
语种: 英语
英文关键词: Chlorination
; Haloacetamides
; Hydrolysis
; Quenching agent
; Stability
Scopus关键词: Amides
; Amines
; Ascorbic acid
; Byproducts
; Chlorination
; Chlorine compounds
; Convergence of numerical methods
; Free energy
; Hydrolysis
; Kinetics
; Potable water
; Quenching
; Rate constants
; Sodium sulfite
; Water distribution systems
; Chlorination reactions
; Haloacetamides
; Intermediate product
; Linear free energy relationships
; Nitrogenous disinfection by-products
; Nucleophilic reaction
; Quenching agents
; Second order kinetics
; Sodium compounds
; acetamide
; ammonium chloride
; ascorbic acid
; bromine
; carbon
; carbonyl derivative
; chloramine derivative
; chlorine
; drinking water
; haloacetamide
; halogen
; hydroxide
; hypochlorite
; hypochlorous acid
; iodine
; methyl group
; nitrogen
; nitrogen derivative
; sodium sulfite
; sodium thiosulfate
; unclassified drug
; byproduct
; chemical compound
; chlorination
; disinfection
; drinking water
; hydrolysis
; numerical model
; reaction kinetics
; Article
; chlorination
; decomposition
; electron
; half life time
; hydrolysis
; kinetic parameters
; nucleophilicity
; pH
; priority journal
英文摘要: Haloacetamides (HAMs), a group of nitrogenous disinfection byproducts (N-DBPs), can decompose to form corresponding intermediate products and other DBPs. The stability of ten different HAMs, including two chlorinated, five brominated, and three iodinated species was investigated with and without the presence of chlorine, chloramines, and reactive solutes such as quenching agents. The HAM basic hydrolysis and chlorination kinetics were well described by a second-order kinetics model, including first-order in HAM and hydroxide and first-order in HAM and hypochlorite, respectively, whereas the HAM neutral hydrolysis kinetic was first-order in HAM. Furthermore, HAMs decompose instantaneously when exposed to hypochlorite, which was almost two and nine orders of magnitude faster than HAM basic and neutral hydrolysis, respectively. In general, HAM hydrolysis and chlorination rates both increased with increasing pH and the number of halogens substituted on the methyl group. Moreover, chlorinated HAMs are more unstable than their brominated analogs, followed by the iodinated ones, due to the decrease in the electron-withdrawing inductive effect from chlorine to iodine atom. During hydrolysis, HAMs mainly directly decompose into the corresponding haloacetic acids (HAAs) via a nucleophilic reaction between the carbonyl carbon and hydroxide. For HAM chlorination reactions, hypochlorite reacts with HAMs to form the N-chloro-HAMs (N-Cl-HAMs) via Cl+ transfer from chlorine to the amide nitrogen. N-Cl-HAMs can further degrade to form HAAs via hypochlorous acid addition. In contrast, the reactions between chloramines and HAMs were found to be insignificant. Additionally, four common quenching agents, including sodium sulfite, sodium thiosulfate, ascorbic acid, and ammonium chloride, were demonstrated to expedite HAM degradation, whereas ammonium chloride was the least influential among the four. Taft linear free energy relationships were established for both HAM hydrolysis and chlorination reactions, based on which the hydrolysis and chlorination rate constants for three monohaloacetamides were estimated. The hydrolysis and chlorination rates of 13 HAMs decreased in the following order: TCAM > BDCAM > DBCAM > TBAM > DCAM > BCAM > DBAM > CIAM > BIAM > DIAM > MCAM > MBAM > MIAM (where C = chloro, B = bromo, I = iodo, T = tri, D = di, M = mono). Lastly, using the HAM kinetic model established in this study, HAM half-lifes in drinking water distribution systems can be predicted on the basis of pH and residual chlorine concentration. © 2018 Elsevier Ltd Citation statistics:
资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/112642
Appears in Collections: 气候减缓与适应
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作者单位: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China; La Verne, CA 91750, United States; Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, United States
Recommended Citation:
Ding S.,Chu W.,Krasner S.W.,et al. The stability of chlorinated, brominated, and iodinated haloacetamides in drinking water[J]. Water Research,2018-01-01,142