Currently asymmetric warming affected the grain production in China. The asymmetric warming exhibited relatively more increase at night and in spring and winter seasons, and this course of asymmetric warming basically overlapped with the growth period of wheat. Therefore, it was very urgent to understand the effect of nighttime warming on good quality and high yield of wheat grain, so as to provide scientific basis for accurately judging and predicting the response degree of agro-ecosystem to nighttime warming and further making countermeasures under global climate warming condition. This paper summarized the effects of nighttime warming on the growth phenology, agronomic characters, yield and grain quality of wheat, soil microorganism, nutrient content, and soil respiration, etc, and the future research directions about the effects of nighttime warming on wheat-soil ecosystem were also discussed, so as to provide theoretical basis for both establishing research direction in the safe wheat production and making safe measures in food production under climate warming condition.