DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.04.017
Scopus记录号: 2-s2.0-85018465882
论文题名: Ambient mixing ratios of atmospheric halogenated compounds at five background stations in China
作者: Zhang G ; , Yao B ; , Vollmer M ; K ; , Montzka S ; A ; , Mühle J ; , Weiss R ; F ; , O'Doherty S ; , Li Y ; , Fang S ; , Reimann S
刊名: Atmospheric Environment
ISSN: 0168-2563
EISSN: 1573-515X
出版年: 2017
卷: 160 起始页码: 55
结束页码: 69
语种: 英语
英文关键词: Ambient mixing ratios
; CFCs
; HCFCs
; HFCs
; PFCs
; SF6
Scopus关键词: Chlorofluorocarbons
; Halogenation
; Mixing
; Polyols
; River pollution
; Sulfur hexafluoride
; HCFCs
; HFCs
; Mixing ratios
; PFCs
; SF<sub>6</sub>
; Fluorocarbons
; chlorofluorocarbon
; chlorofluorohydrocarbon
; fluorinated hydrocarbon
; fluorocarbon
; halide
; norflurane
; organohalogen derivative
; sulfur hexafluoride
; air sampling
; background level
; CFC
; emission inventory
; halogenated hydrocarbon
; hydrochlorofluorocarbon
; hydrofluorocarbon
; in situ measurement
; measurement method
; mixing ratio
; Northern Hemisphere
; organic sulfur compound
; precision
; spatiotemporal analysis
; accuracy
; air pollution
; ambient air
; Article
; China
; latitude
; molecular weight
; priority journal
; sampling
; California
; China
; Connacht
; County Galway
; Ireland
; Mace Head
; North China Plain
; Trinidad Head
; United States
; Yangtze River
Scopus学科分类: Environmental Science: Water Science and Technology
; Earth and Planetary Sciences: Earth-Surface Processes
; Environmental Science: Environmental Chemistry
英文摘要: High precision measurements of three chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), three hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), six hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), three perfluorocarbons (PFCs), and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) were made at five Chinese background stations from January 2011 to December 2012. Their station means in the background air were 239.5 ± 0.69 parts-per-trillion dry-air mole fraction mixing ratios (ppt) for CFC-11, 536.5 ± 1.49 ppt for CFC-12, 74.66 ± 0.09 ppt for CFC-113, 232.1 ± 4.77 ppt for HCFC-22, 23.78 ± 0.29 ppt for HCFC-141b, 22.92 ± 0.42 ppt for HCFC-142b, 11.75 ± 0.43 ppt for HFC-125, 71.32 ± 1.35 ppt for HFC-134a, 13.62 ± 0.43 ppt for HFC-143a, 9.10 ± 1.26 ppt for HFC-152a, 25.45 ± 0.1 ppt for HFC-23, 7.28 ± 0.48 ppt for HFC-32, 4.32 ± 0.03 ppt for PFC-116, 0.63 ± 0.04 ppt for PFC-218, 1.36 ± 0.01 ppt for PFC-318, and 7.67 ± 0.03 ppt for SF6, respectively, which were comparable with those measured at the two Northern Hemisphere (NH) AGAGE stations: Mace Head, Ireland (MHD) and Trinidad Head, California, USA (THD). Compared with our results for earlier years from in-situ measurement at SDZ, background-air mixing ratios of CFCs are now declining, while those for HCFCs, HFCs, PFCs, and SF6 are still increasing. The ratios of the number of sampling events in which measured mixing ratios were elevated above background (pollution events) relative to the total sample frequency (POL/SUM) for CFCs, HCFCs, and HFCs were found to be station dependent, generally LAN > SDZ > LFS > XGL > WLG. The enhancement (△, polluted mixing ratios minus background mixing ratios) generally show distinct patterns, with HCFCs (40.7–175.4 ppt) > HFCs (15.8–66.3 ppt)> CFCs (15.8–33.8 ppt)> PFCs (0.1–0.9 ppt) at five stations, especially for HCFC-22 ranging from 36.9 ppt to 138.2 ppt. Combining with the molecular weights, our findings imply biggest emissions of HCFCs in the regions around these Chinese sites compared to HFCs and CFCs, while the smallest of PFCs, consistent with CFCs being phased out and replaced with HCFCs in China. In addition, relative emission strengths (emission was expressed by mole fractions) of these halocarbons in China were inferred as HCFC-22 > HCFC-141b > HFC-134a > HCFC-142b for the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) and as HCFC-22 > HCFC-142b > HCFC-141b ≈ HFC-134a in the North China Plain (NCP). © 2017 Elsevier Ltd Citation statistics:
资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/82449
Appears in Collections: 气候变化事实与影响
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作者单位: State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of China Meteorological Administration (CMA), Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences (CAMS), Beijing, China; Meoteorological Observation Centre (MOC), China Meteorological Administration (CMA), Beijing, China; Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dubendorf, Switzerland; Global Monitoring Division (GMD), Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Boulder, CO, United States; Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States; Atmospheric Chemistry Research Group, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
Recommended Citation:
Zhang G,, Yao B,, Vollmer M,et al. Ambient mixing ratios of atmospheric halogenated compounds at five background stations in China[J]. Atmospheric Environment,2017-01-01,160