array
; dike
; magma
; microtremor
; seismic data
; seismic noise
; seismicity
; upper crust
; volcanic eruption
; Iceland
英文摘要:
The Bárarbunga eruption in Iceland in 2014 and 2015 produced about 1.6 km 3 of lava. Magma propagated away from Bárarbunga to a distance of 48 km in the subsurface beneath Vatnajökull glacier, emerging a few kilometres beyond the glacier's northern rim. A puzzling observation is the lack of shallow (<3 km deep), high-frequency earthquakes associated with shallow dyke formation near the subaerial and subglacial eruptive sites, suggesting that near-surface dyke formation is seismically quiet. However, seismic array observations and seismic full wavefield simulations reveal the presence and nature of shallow, pre-eruptive, long-duration seismic tremor activity. Here we use analyses of seismic data to constrain the relationships between seismicity, tremor, dyke propagation and magma flow during the Bárarbunga eruption. We show that although tremor is usually associated with magma flow in volcanic settings, pre-eruptive tremor at Bárarbunga was probably caused by swarms of microseismic events during dyke formation, and hence is directly associated with fracturing of the upper 2-3 km of the crust. Subsequent magma flow in the newly formed shallow dyke was seismically silent, with almost a complete absence of seismicity or tremor. Hence, we suggest that the transition from temporarily isolated, large, deep earthquakes to many smaller, shallower, temporally overlapping earthquakes (
School of Earth Sciences, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; Icelandic Meteorological Office, Bústaavegi 7-9, Reykjavík, Iceland; Tullow Oil, Leopardstown, Dublin 18, Ireland; Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Iceland, Askja, Building of Natural Sciences, Sturlugata 7, Reykjavík, Iceland; Geophysics Section, School of Cosmic Physics, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 5 Merrion Square, Dublin 2, Ireland
Recommended Citation:
Eibl E.P.S.,Bean C.J.,Vogfjörd K.S.,et al. Tremor-rich shallow dyke formation followed by silent magma flow at Bárarbunga in Iceland[J]. Nature Geoscience,2017-01-01,10(4)