DOI: 10.1038/ngeo2630
论文题名: Amplification of El Nino by cloud longwave coupling to atmospheric circulation
作者: Radel G. ; Mauritsen T. ; Stevens B. ; Dommenget D. ; Matei D. ; Bellomo K. ; Clement A.
刊名: Nature Geoscience
ISSN: 17520894
出版年: 2016
卷: 9, 期: 2 起始页码: 106
结束页码: 110
语种: 英语
Scopus关键词: amplification
; atmospheric circulation
; climate change
; climate modeling
; cloud cover
; cloud radiative forcing
; El Nino-Southern Oscillation
; feedback mechanism
; global climate
; longwave radiation
; satellite data
; sea surface temperature
; temperature anomaly
; temperature gradient
; troposphere
; weather forecasting
; wind stress
; zonal wind
; Pacific Ocean
; Pacific Ocean (West)
英文摘要: The El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the dominant mode of inter-annual variability, with major impacts on social and ecological systems through its influence on extreme weather, droughts and floods. The ability to forecast El Nino, as well as anticipate how it may change with warming, requires an understanding of the underlying physical mechanisms that drive it. Among these, the role of atmospheric processes remains poorly understood. Here we present numerical experiments with an Earth system model, with and without coupling of cloud radiative effects to the circulation, suggesting that clouds enhance ENSO variability by a factor of two or more. Clouds induce heating in the mid and upper troposphere associated with enhanced high-level cloudiness over the El Nino region, and low-level clouds cool the lower troposphere in the surrounding regions. Together, these effects enhance the coupling of the atmospheric circulation to El Nino surface temperature anomalies, and thus strengthen the positive Bjerknes feedback mechanism between west Pacific zonal wind stress and sea surface temperature gradients. Behaviour consistent with the proposed mechanism is robustly represented in other global climate models and in satellite observations. The mechanism suggests that the response of ENSO amplitude to climate change will in part be determined by a balance between increasing cloud longwave feedback and a possible reduction in the area covered by upper-level clouds. © 2016 Macmillan Publishers Limited. Citation statistics:
资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/106090
Appears in Collections: 气候减缓与适应 科学计划与规划
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作者单位: Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Bundesstrasse 53, Hamburg, Germany; School of Earth, Atmosphere and Environment, Monash University, Clayton, Australia; Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, NY, United States; Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL, United States
Recommended Citation:
Radel G.,Mauritsen T.,Stevens B.,et al. Amplification of El Nino by cloud longwave coupling to atmospheric circulation[J]. Nature Geoscience,2016-01-01,9(2)