globalchange  > 影响、适应和脆弱性
DOI: 10.1016/j.epsl.2018.02.025
Scopus记录号: 2-s2.0-85042938955
论文题名:
The pumice raft-forming 2012 Havre submarine eruption was effusive
作者: Manga M.; Fauria K.E.; Lin C.; Mitchell S.J.; Jones M.; Conway C.E.; Degruyter W.; Hosseini B.; Carey R.; Cahalan R.; Houghton B.F.; White J.D.L.; Jutzeler M.; Soule S.A.; Tani K.
刊名: Earth and Planetary Science Letters
ISSN: 0012821X
出版年: 2018
卷: 489
起始页码: 49
结束页码: 58
语种: 英语
英文关键词: conduit flow ; fragmentation ; pumice ; raft ; submarine eruption ; X-ray tomography
Scopus关键词: Abrasives ; Brittle fracture ; Buoyancy ; Confined flow ; Discharge (fluid mechanics) ; Hydrostatic pressure ; Strain rate ; Surface waters ; Brittle fragmentation ; fragmentation ; High hydrostatic pressure ; Magma fragmentation ; Plinian eruption ; raft ; Rhyolite eruptions ; X-ray tomography ; Submarines ; magma ; pore space ; pumice ; rhyolite ; seafloor ; seawater ; volcanic eruption ; volcano
英文摘要: A long-standing conceptual model for deep submarine eruptions is that high hydrostatic pressure hinders degassing and acceleration, and suppresses magma fragmentation. The 2012 submarine rhyolite eruption of Havre volcano in the Kermadec arc provided constraints on critical parameters to quantitatively test these concepts. This eruption produced a >1 km3 raft of floating pumice and a 0.1 km3 field of giant (>1 m) pumice clasts distributed down-current from the vent. We address the mechanism of creating these clasts using a model for magma ascent in a conduit. We use water ingestion experiments to address why some clasts float and others sink. We show that at the eruption depth of 900 m, the melt retained enough dissolved water, and hence had a low enough viscosity, that strain-rates were too low to cause brittle fragmentation in the conduit, despite mass discharge rates similar to Plinian eruptions on land. There was still, however, enough exsolved vapor at the vent depth to make the magma buoyant relative to seawater. Buoyant magma was thus extruded into the ocean where it rose, quenched, and fragmented to produce clasts up to several meters in diameter. We show that these large clasts would have floated to the sea surface within minutes, where air could enter pore space, and the fate of clasts is then controlled by the ability to trap gas within their pore space. We show that clasts from the raft retain enough gas to remain afloat whereas fragments from giant pumice collected from the seafloor ingest more water and sink. The pumice raft and the giant pumice seafloor deposit were thus produced during a clast-generating effusive submarine eruption, where fragmentation occurred above the vent, and the subsequent fate of clasts was controlled by their ability to ingest water. © 2018 Elsevier B.V.
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资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/109956
Appears in Collections:影响、适应和脆弱性
气候变化事实与影响

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作者单位: Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States; Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, 1680 East West Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, United States; Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, United States; National Museum of Nature and Science, 4-1-1 Amakubo, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0005, Japan; School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, Wales CF10 3AT, United Kingdom; School of Physical Sciences, Centre of Excellence in Ore Deposits (CODES), University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia; School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States; Department of Geology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand

Recommended Citation:
Manga M.,Fauria K.E.,Lin C.,et al. The pumice raft-forming 2012 Havre submarine eruption was effusive[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2018-01-01,489
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