DOI: 10.1016/j.epsl.2017.11.001
Scopus记录号: 2-s2.0-85035105221
论文题名: The formation of giant clastic extrusions at the end of the Messinian Salinity Crisis
作者: Kirkham C. ; Cartwright J. ; Hermanrud C. ; Jebsen C.
刊名: Earth and Planetary Science Letters
ISSN: 0012821X
出版年: 2018
卷: 482 起始页码: 434
结束页码: 445
语种: 英语
英文关键词: evaporites
; fluid flow
; giant clastic extrusion
; Messinian Salinity Crisis
; overpressure
; Zanclean flood
Scopus关键词: Cobalt deposits
; Floods
; Flow of fluids
; Sediments
; Seismology
; Volcanoes
; Evaporites
; Hydrothermal system
; Internal reflections
; Major environments
; Messinian salinity crisis
; Overpressure
; Sediment remobilisation
; Sedimentary bodies
; Extrusion
; evaporite
; fluid flow
; Messinian
; Miocene
; overpressure
; paleoceanography
; paleoenvironment
; paleoflood
; paleogeography
; paleosalinity
; sedimentary sequence
; seismic data
; Zanclea
英文摘要: This paper documents the discovery of five multi-km scale lensoid bodies that directly overlie the upper surface of the thick (>1 km) Messinian Evaporite sequence. They were identified through the analysis of 3D seismic data from the western Nile Cone. The convergence of the upper and lower bounding reflections of these lensoid bodies, their external and internal reflection configuration, the positive ‘depositional’ relief at their upper surface, and the stratal relationship with underlying and overlying deposits supports the interpretation that these are giant clastic extrusions. The interpretations combined with the stratal position of these clastic extrusions demonstrate a prior unsuspected link between periods of major environment change and basin hydrodynamics on a plate scale. All five lensoid bodies were extruded onto a single, seismically resolvable marker horizon correlatable with the end of the Messinian Salinity Crisis (Horizon M). It is argued that the source of these clastic extrusions is pre-Messinian in origin, which implies massive sediment remobilisation at depth in the pre-evaporitic succession and intrusion through the thick evaporite layer. We propose that the scale and timing of this dramatic event was primed and triggered by near-lithostatic overpressure in the pre-evaporitic sediments generated through (1) their rapid burial and loading during the Messinian Salinity Crisis and (2) catastrophic re-flooding during its immediate aftermath. The largest of these clastic extrusions has a volume of over c. 116 km3, making it amongst the largest extruded sedimentary bodies described on Earth. The findings extend the understanding of the upper scale of other analogous clastic extrusions such as mud volcanoes and sediment-hosted hydrothermal systems. Following the 2006 eruption of the Lusi sediment-hosted hydrothermal system in Indonesia, an understanding of the upper scale limit of clastic extrusions has even greater societal relevance, in order to increase awareness of the risk posed by the potential size and longevity of future giant clastic extrusions. © 2017 Elsevier B.V. Citation statistics:
资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/110149
Appears in Collections: 影响、适应和脆弱性 气候变化事实与影响
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作者单位: Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, United Kingdom; Statoil ASA, Trondheim, N-7005, Norway; Statoil, Stavanger, N4032, Norway
Recommended Citation:
Kirkham C.,Cartwright J.,Hermanrud C.,et al. The formation of giant clastic extrusions at the end of the Messinian Salinity Crisis[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2018-01-01,482