DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.06.046
Scopus记录号: 2-s2.0-85049063117
论文题名: Faecal indicator organism inputs to watercourses from streamside pastures grazed by cattle: Before and after implementation of streambank fencing
作者: Kay D. ; Crowther J. ; Stapleton C.M. ; Wyer M.D.
刊名: Water Research
ISSN: 431354
出版年: 2018
卷: 143 起始页码: 229
结束页码: 239
语种: 英语
英文关键词: Cattle
; Microbial tracer investigations
; Pollutant fluxes
; Streambank fencing
; Streambed sources
; Surface runoff
英文摘要: Faecal indicator organisms (FIOs) are major pollutants in many catchments world-wide, with streamside pastures on livestock farms being potentially significant sources. Hitherto, few empirical studies have quantified FIO fluxes from such areas or investigated streambank fencing (SBF) and other possible mitigation measures. The aim of this two-phase (before/after intervention) study of the effectiveness of SBF was to generate an empirical evidence-base to enable regulatory authorities to make better-informed decisions concerning the implementation of this measure. It was undertaken during the summer bathing season along a 271 m stream reach in the River Tamar catchment, SW England. The study included: cattle distribution surveys; monitoring of changes in E. coli (EC) and intestinal enterococci (IE) concentrations and fluxes down the reach and of concentrations in ditch flow and surface runoff; phage tracer studies of surface runoff from pasture land; and experimental streambed trampling to investigate streambed FIO sources. The results show that cattle spend a disproportionately large amount of time in the watercourse/riparian zone along unfenced streams; identify direct defecation to the stream by wading livestock and the release/mobilisation of FIOs from cowpats by surface runoff from the adjacent pastures at times of high flow as key transmission routes; and demonstrate that FIOs become incorporated within streambed sediments, from which they may subsequently be released by trampling. Partial exclusion of cattle through SBF with a drinking bay greatly reduces the time cattle spend in streams. Total exclusion SBF, with provision of an alternative drinking supply, considerably reduces FIO load inputs to the stream reach, e.g. at times of high flow, which are critical in terms of pollutant fluxes to coastal waters, the mean EC and IE input loads to the reach fell by 0.842 and 2.206 log10, respectively. © 2018 Elsevier Ltd Citation statistics:
资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/112561
Appears in Collections: 气候减缓与适应
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作者单位: Centre for Research into Environment & Health, Department of Geography & Earth Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DB, United Kingdom; Centre for Research into Environment & Health, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, Lampeter, Ceredigion, SA48 7ED, United Kingdom
Recommended Citation:
Kay D.,Crowther J.,Stapleton C.M.,et al. Faecal indicator organism inputs to watercourses from streamside pastures grazed by cattle: Before and after implementation of streambank fencing[J]. Water Research,2018-01-01,143