DOI: 10.1029/2018JA025294
Scopus记录号: 2-s2.0-85050861368
论文题名: Effects of the September 2005 Solar Flares and Solar Proton Events on the Middle Atmosphere in WACCM
作者: Pettit J. ; Randall C.E. ; Marsh D.R. ; Bardeen C.G. ; Qian L. ; Jackman C.H. ; Woods T.N. ; Coster A. ; Harvey V.L.
刊名: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics
ISSN: 21699380
出版年: 2018
卷: 123, 期: 7 起始页码: 5747
结束页码: 5763
语种: 英语
英文关键词: energetic particle precipitation
; mesosphere
; modeling
; solar flares
; solar proton events
; thermosphere
英文摘要: This work investigates middle atmosphere effects of the September 2005 solar flares and solar proton events (SPEs). X-17 and X-6.2 flares occurred on 7 and 9 September, respectively, while two moderate SPEs occurred on 10 and 15 September. Flare ionization and dissociation were calculated in the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM) using the Flare Irradiance Spectral Model. Proton measurements from the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite system were used to compute solar proton ionization. SPEs are shown to have a larger impact than solar flares on the polar stratosphere and mesosphere; however, flares have a larger influence on the sunlit and equatorial lower thermosphere. The two flares differed significantly with respect to photon spectrum. The larger, X-17 flare was stronger during the impulsive phase, while the X-6.2 flare was stronger during the gradual phase. This resulted in the X-17 flare causing more initial ionization but for a shorter duration. The simulated flare impacts also differed because specific wavelengths of the flares influenced the atmosphere above the model top. Model-measurement comparisons show that WACCM captures the overall timing and spatial distribution of the observed electron enhancements, indicating a reasonable simulation of flare and SPE-induced ionization. Both the SPEs and flares caused odd nitrogen increases in the mesosphere. Odd hydrogen produced in the lower mesosphere by the SPEs led to short-lived ozone decreases of nearly 100%. The flares caused small temperature increases in the lower thermosphere but had no effect on the stratosphere. ©2018. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved. Citation statistics:
资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/113608
Appears in Collections: 气候减缓与适应
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作者单位: Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States; Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States; National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, United States; High-Altitude Observatory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, United States; NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States; Massachusetts Institute of Technology Haystack Observatory, Westford, MA, United States
Recommended Citation:
Pettit J.,Randall C.E.,Marsh D.R.,et al. Effects of the September 2005 Solar Flares and Solar Proton Events on the Middle Atmosphere in WACCM[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics,2018-01-01,123(7)