DOI: 10.1002/joc.5794
Scopus记录号: 2-s2.0-85052488517
论文题名: A comprehensive analysis of hail events in Portugal: Climatology and consistency with atmospheric circulation
作者: Santos J.A. ; Belo-Pereira M.
刊名: International Journal of Climatology
ISSN: 8998418
出版年: 2019
卷: 39, 期: 1 起始页码: 188
结束页码: 205
语种: 英语
英文关键词: convection
; hail
; k-means
; lightning
; Portugal
; small hail
; thunderstorm
; weather types
Scopus关键词: Climatology
; Heat convection
; Lightning
; Potential energy
; Thunderstorms
; Atmospheric circulation
; Atmospheric conditions
; Comprehensive analysis
; Convective available potential energies
; K-means
; Meteorological station
; Portugal
; Weather types
; Precipitation (meteorology)
; atmospheric circulation
; atmospheric convection
; cluster analysis
; hail
; lightning
; thunderstorm
; weather
; Portugal
英文摘要: A first hail climatology in mainland Portugal is provided, based on a network of 15 meteorological stations and over the period of 1971–2009 (39 years). Three hail sub-classes based on the SYNOP codes were considered (small hail, hail without thunder and hail with thunder). Furthermore, hail occurrences were also compared with thunderstorm, convection and precipitation days. Hail events are more frequent in northern Portugal during winter and spring (peaking in April). Both thunderstorm and convection events present a maximum in April–May and a secondary peak in autumn (October). This secondary peak is frequently associated with convective storms without hailfall at the ground, as no clear autumnal maximum is recorded in the hail frequency, particularly in the case of small hail and hail without thunder. The typically higher temperatures in October than in February–April may lead to excessively high-freezing level heights that hamper hailfall at the surface. The dynamical mechanisms underlying hail occurrence in mainland Portugal were also analysed using eight three-dimensional weather types. The atmospheric conditions associated with three weather types: Western European Trough, Blocking and Scandinavian Trough were responsible for ca. 75% of the hail events throughout Portugal. Overall, hail events are favoured either by extra-tropical depressions, with cold front passages over Portugal, or by upper-level troughs/lows over western Iberia, but preferably occurring in the period from December to May. These dynamical drivers promote instability conditions, which were also diagnosed by the convective available potential energy and total-totals index. © 2018 Royal Meteorological Society Citation statistics:
资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/116679
Appears in Collections: 全球变化的国际研究计划
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作者单位: Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal; Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera, Rua C do Aeroporto, Lisbon, Portugal
Recommended Citation:
Santos J.A.,Belo-Pereira M.. A comprehensive analysis of hail events in Portugal: Climatology and consistency with atmospheric circulation[J]. International Journal of Climatology,2019-01-01,39(1)