A three-dimensional, regional coupled ice-ocean model based on the open-source Community Earth System Model has been developed and implemented for the Baltic Sea. The model consists of 66 vertical levels and has a horizontal resolution of approx. 2.3 km. The paper focuses on sea ice component results, but the main changes have been introduced in the ocean part of the coupled model. The hydrodynamic part, being one of the most important components, has been also presented and validated. The ice model results were validated against the Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and satellite data, and the method of validation based on probability was introduced. In the last two decades, satellite and model results show an increase in the ice extent over the whole Baltic Sea, which is an evidence of a negative trend in air temperature in recent decades and increasing of winter discharge from the catchment area.
Jakacki, Jaromir,Meler, Sebastian. An evaluation and implementation of the regional coupled ice-ocean model of the Baltic Sea[J]. OCEAN DYNAMICS,2019-01-01,69(1):1-19