The effects of anthropogenic climate change on biodiversity are well known for some high-profile Australian marine systems, including coral bleaching and kelp forest devastation. Less well-published are the impacts of climate change being observed in terrestrial ecosystems, although ecological models have predicted substantial changes are likely. Detecting and attributing terrestrial changes to anthropogenic factors is difficult due to the ecological importance of extreme conditions, the noisy nature of short-term data collected with limited resources, and complexities introduced by biotic interactions. Here, we provide a suite of case studies that have considered possible impacts of anthropogenic climate change on Australian terrestrial systems. Our intention is to provide a diverse collection of stories illustrating how Australian flora and fauna are likely responding to direct and indirect effects of anthropogenic climate change. We aim to raise awareness rather than be comprehensive. We include case studies covering canopy dieback in forests, compositional shifts in vegetation, positive feedbacks between climate, vegetation and disturbance regimes, local extinctions in plants, size changes in birds, phenological shifts in reproduction and shifting biotic interactions that threaten communities and endangered species. Some of these changes are direct and clear cut, others are indirect and less clearly connected to climate change; however, all are important in providing insights into the future state of terrestrial ecosystems. We also highlight some of the management issues relevant to conserving terrestrial communities and ecosystems in the face of anthropogenic climate change.
1.Univ Melbourne, Bio21 Inst, Sch BioSci, Pest & Environm Adaptat Res Grp, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia 2.Univ Western Sydney, Hawkesbury Inst Environm, Penrith, NSW, Australia 3.Western Australian Dept Biodivers Conservat & Att, Sci Div, Biodivers & Conservat Sci, Bentley Delivery Ctr, Bentley, WA, Australia 4.Murdoch Univ, Sch Vet & Life Sci, Murdoch, WA, Australia 5.Dept Biodivers Conservat & Attract, Kings Pk Sci, Perth, WA, Australia 6.Univ Tasmania, Geog & Spatial Sci, Hobart, Tas, Australia 7.Monash Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Melbourne, Vic, Australia 8.Australian Antarctic Div, Kingston, Tas, Australia 9.Univ Adelaide, Sch Biol Sci & Environm Inst, TERN, Adelaide, SA, Australia 10.CSIRO, Natl Res Collect Australia, Australian Natl Wildlife Collect, Canberra, ACT, Australia 11.Univ New England, Insect Ecol Lab, Ctr Excellence Behav & Physiol Ecol, Armidale, NSW, Australia 12.Univ Melbourne, Ctr Excellence Biosecur Risk Anal, Melbourne, Vic, Australia 13.Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Biol, Div Ecol & Evolut, Canberra, ACT, Australia 14.James Cook Univ, Coll Sci & Engn, Ctr Trop Environm & Sustainabil Sci, Townsville, Qld, Australia
Recommended Citation:
Hoffmann, Ary A.,Rymer, Paul D.,Byrne, Margaret,et al. Impacts of recent climate change on terrestrial flora and fauna: Some emerging Australian examples[J]. AUSTRAL ECOLOGY,2019-01-01,44(1):3-27