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Lake eutrophication is one of the major ecological concerns over the world in recent times. Most of the freshwater lakes and wetlands are facing the problem of water quality deterioration and ecological imbalance due to the increasing anthropogenic activities particularly in developing countries. The understanding of the mechanism and identification of the sources of eutrophication will be beneficial to mitigate the problem through proper management policy. Mechanism and effects of eutrophication described within various case studies all over the world, and the evolution of modelling approaches for their mitigation has been reviewed in this paper. With the advancement of ecosystem modeling, it has become feasible for the governmental bodies and policy makers to propose better lake control schemes and restoration programs, through their better predictive capacity. While prediction and control of eutrophication of lakes now has become easier than before, refinements are still going on owing to the ever-increased complexity and lake specific problems that require wider experience and more details. The current status of knowledge about lake eutrophication and advances in ecological and hydrodynamic modeling will be of great use for future research prospects. (C) 2018 European Regional Centre for Ecohydrology of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.