Avian diversification has been influenced by global climate change, plate tectonic movements, and mass extinction events. However, the impact of these factors on the diversification of the hyper-diverse perching birds (passerines) is unclear because family level relationships are unresolved and the timing of splitting events among lineages is uncertain. We analyzed DNA data from 4,060 nuclear loci and 137 passerine families using concatenation and coalescent approaches to infer a comprehensive phylogenetic hypothesis that clarifies relationships among all passerine families. Then, we calibrated this phylogeny using 13 fossils to examine the effects of different events in Earth history on the timing and rate of passerine diversification. Our analyses reconcile passerine diversification with the fossil and geological records; suggest that passerines originated on the Australian landmass similar to 47 Ma; and show that subsequent dispersal and diversification of passerines was affected by a number of climatological and geological events, such as Oligocene glaciation and inundation of the New Zealand landmass. Although passerine diversification rates fluctuated throughout the Cenozoic, we find no link between the rate of passerine diversification and Cenozoic global temperature, and our analyses show that the increases in passerine diversification rate we observe are disconnected from the colonization of new continents. Taken together, these results suggest more complex mechanisms than temperature change or ecological opportunity have controlled macroscale patterns of passerine speciation.
1.Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA 2.Univ Bath, Milner Ctr Evolut, Dept Biol & Biochem, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England 3.Univ Cambridge, Dept Earth Sci, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, England 4.Bruce Museum, Greenwich, CT 06830 USA 5.Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA 6.Univ Minnesota, Bell Museum Nat Hist, St Paul, MN 55108 USA 7.Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Dept Zool, BR-66040170 Belem, Para, Brazil 8.Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA 9.Univ New Mexico, Museum Southwestern Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA 10.Uppsala Univ, Evolutionary Biol Ctr, Dept Ecol & Genet, Anim Ecol, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden 11.Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Swedish Species Informat Ctr, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden 12.Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Zool, Key Lab Zool Systemat & Evolut, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China 13.Amer Museum Nat Hist, Dept Ornithol, Div Vertebrate Zool, New York, NY 10024 USA 14.Univ Michigan, Museum Zool, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA 15.Univ Michigan, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA 16.Univ Florida, Dept Biol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA 17.Smithsonian Inst, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA 18.Univ Maryland, Behav Ecol Evolut & Systemat Grad Program, College Pk, MD 20742 USA 19.Harvard Univ, Dept Organism & Evolutionary Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA 20.Harvard Univ, Museum Comparat Zool, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA 21.Univ Sao Paulo, Museu Zool, BR-04263000 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil 22.Louisiana State Univ, Museum Nat Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA 23.US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA 24.Royal Ontario Museum, Dept Nat Hist, Toronto, ON M5S 2C6, Canada 25.Univ Toronto, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada 26.Univ Nacl Colombia, Inst Ciencias Nat, Bogota 111321, Colombia 27.Univ Tennessee, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA 28.Univ Georgia, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA 29.Univ Copenhagen, Ctr Macroecol Evolut & Climate, Nat Hist Museum Denmark, Univ Pk 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark 30.CSIRO Natl Res Collect Australia, Australian Natl Wildlife Collect, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia 31.Penn State Univ Altoona, Div Math & Nat Sci, Altoona, PA 16601 USA 32.Museum New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, Wellington 6140, New Zealand 33.Univ Kansas, Biodivers Inst, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA
Recommended Citation:
Oliveros, Carl H.,Field, Daniel J.,Ksepka, Daniel T.,et al. Earth history and the passerine superradiation[J]. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,2019-01-01,116(16):7916-7925