Rapid Arctic warming drives profound change in the marine environment that have significant socio-economic impacts within the Arctic and beyond, including climate and weather hazards, food security, transportation, infrastructure planning and resource extraction. These concerns drive efforts to understand and predict Arctic environmental change and motivate development of an Arctic Region Component of the Global Ocean Observing System (ARCGOOS) capable of collecting the broad, sustained observations needed to support these endeavors. This paper provides a roadmap for establishing the ARCGOOS. ARCGOOS development must be underpinned by a broadly endorsed framework grounded in high-level policy drivers and the scientific and operational objectives that stem from them. This should be guided by a transparent, internationally accepted governance structure with recognized authority and organizational relationships with the national agencies that ultimately execute network plans. A governance model for ARCGOOS must guide selection of objectives, assess performance and fitness-to-purpose, and advocate for resources. A requirements-based framework for an ARCGOOS begins with the Societal Benefit Areas (SBAs) that underpin the system. SBAs motivate investments and define the system's science and operational objectives. Objectives can then be used to identify key observables and their scope. The domains of planning/policy, strategy, and tactics define scope ranging from decades and basins to focused observing with near real time data delivery. Patterns emerge when this analysis is integrated across an appropriate set of SBAs and science/operational objectives, identifying impactful variables and the scope of the measurements. When weighted for technological readiness and logistical feasibility, this can be used to select Essential ARCGOOS Variables, analogous to Essential Ocean Variables of the Global Ocean Observing System. The Arctic presents distinct needs and challenges, demanding novel observing strategies. Cost, traceability and ability to integrate region-specific knowledge have to be balanced, in an approach that builds on existing and new observing infrastructure. ARCGOOS should benefit from established data infrastructures following the Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reuseable Principles to ensure preservation and sharing of data and derived products. Linking to the Sustaining Arctic Observing Networks (SAON) process and involving Arctic stakeholders, for example through liaison with the International Arctic Science Committee (IASC), can help ensure success.
1.Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA 2.Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA 3.NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA 4.Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Int Arctic Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK USA 5.Yale Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, New Haven, CT USA 6.British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, England 7.Nansen Environm & Remote Sensing Ctr, Bergen, Norway 8.Florida State Univ, Ctr Ocean Atmospher Predict Studies, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA 9.Norwegian Polar Res Inst, Fram Ctr, Tromso, Norway 10.Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Solomons, MD USA 11.Korean Polar Res Inst, Incheon, South Korea 12.Alaska Ocean Observing Syst, Anchorage, AK USA 13.Univ Texas Austin, Oder Inst, Austin, TX 78712 USA 14.Alfred Wegener Inst, Helmholtz Zentrum Polar & Meeresforsch, Bremerhaven, Germany 15.Plymouth Marine Lab, Partnership Observat Global Oceans, Plymouth, Devon, England 16.NOAA, Phys Oceanog Div, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL USA 17.Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL USA 18.Polish Acad Sci, Inst Oceanol, Sopot, Poland 19.Stockholm Univ, Dept Meteorol, Stockholm, Sweden 20.Stockholm Univ, Bolin Ctr Climate Res, Stockholm, Sweden 21.Scripps Inst Oceanog, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, La Jolla, CA USA 22.Norwegian Inst Water Res, Marine Biogeochem & Oceanog, Oslo, Norway 23.Univ Bergen, Bjerknes Ctr Climate Res, Bergen, Norway 24.Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA 25.Inst Marine Res, Oceanog & Climate, Bergen, Norway
Recommended Citation:
Lee, Craig M.,Starkweather, Sandy,Eicken, Hajo,et al. A Framework for the Development, Design and Implementation of a Sustained Arctic Ocean Observing System[J]. FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE,2019-01-01,6