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This work applies life cycle sustainability assessment techniques in the superstructures of small-span bridges for rural and vicinal roads by integrating them into the decision-making process to include sustainability indicators. The study subsequently investigated the potential environmental impacts of three bridge configurations as proposed by Brazilian public agencies, including steel and concrete composite bridges, standard precast concrete bridges, and standard wood bridges. The life cycle assessment and the ReCiPe endpoint methodology were used for three damage categories -ecosystems, human health, and resources' surplus costs- at the midpoint, and one potential impact category (global warming). The study was conducted using 27 bridges, including 11 precast concrete bridges, 13 steel and concrete composite bridges, and 3 wooden bridges. The best indexes were obtained in all categories for bridges composed of steel and concrete. The results reveal indexes that can serve as guides in bridge planning and construction, as this technique can be applied to several types of structures provided they have the same function to determine which is the most environmentally sustainable.