Under the background of global warming, the water resource shortage in the arid zone has become more and more serious. The exploration of airborne water resource with artificial precipitation technology is becoming a focus of the public. Based on PSR model, this paper established the evaluation index system including 3 key elements and 11 indexes in Urumqi to analyze and evaluate environmental effects of artificial precipitation from the three aspects of pressure, state and responds. Meanwhile the evaluation index of environmental effects of artificial precipitation was established. The weights of evaluation index system were determined by analytical hierarchy process (AHP), and evaluation index system was used by non - dimensionalized method, which made the result of environmental effects of artificial precipitation comparable. The environmental effects of artificial precipitation in Urumqi were also applied into the demonstrable analysis based on the PSR model. Result showed that the composite index of environmental effects after artificial precipitation operation is 0.542, which achieved a good condition. Artificial precipitation has played an important role in improvement of ecological and environmental conditions of the region in a certain extent. The results can improve the understanding of environmental effects of artificial precipitation, and provide a reference for effect assessment of artificial precipitation and sustainable utilization of resource in the future.