Based on rice production data of 13 administrative regions in Jiangsu Province,the regional variation in production layout of rice and its influencing factors in the past 50 years were analyzed in this paper. The results showed that rice production increased by 2.9 times during 1961-2010 years and the spatial characteristics of rice production were reduction in South Jiangsu area while increase in North Jiangsu area. Elevated rice yield was the key actuation factor which promoted higher rice production;improved rice planting area 12.9% with two peak curves was the basic condition which ensured increasing rice production. In addition,among different regional areas,North Jiangsu was the main area boosted rice production in Jiangsu Province,followed by Central Jiangsu area,the third by South Jiangsu area. The trend of rice planting area quick decrease in South Jiangsu area and quick increase in North Jiangsu area were the key factor results of characteristics of rice production large reduction in South Jiangsu area and large spread in South Jiangsu area. Meanwhile,rice yield increased conspicuously,among different region,increase rate in North Jiangsu area was higher than that of South Jiangsu area. Major factors of improved rice varieties and cultivation technology contributed to rice yield greatly,climate change was conducive to higher rice yield in the past 50 years,the increase of meteorological yield was gradually raising from north to south in Jiangsu Province. Basic measures should be carried out to ensured the rice production including increasing rice planting area in North Jiangsu area,keeping it steady in Central Jiangsu area and controlling its decreasing trend in South Jiangsu area,in addition,major path should be drawn up to promote increase of rice yield with breeding high-yielding varieties and innovation cultivation techniques,particularly in North Jiangsu area.