With the global change and aggravation of human activities,groundwater resources and environment evolve significantly. Groundwater is the important component of water cycle,and also the primary water source in many areas, therefore its evolution plays an important role in regional water security. In this paper, the research progress on the impacts of the environmental changes on the groundwater resources and environment was summarized and the shortages of current research were analyzed. In addition, this paper proposed that the comprehensive simulation based on the large-scale water cycle mechanism is the direction of future research.