The field on regional and global carbon cycling is one of the core contents for the global change research, a branch of which, the estimation and quantification of carbon storage in soil from regional to global scale has become the important problem in this field. In the land, the forest ecosystem plays a critical role in the global carbon cycling, while the plantation is an essential part of it. In China, there are plenty of studies on the soil organic carbon content, density and storage, but scopes are limited to the range of one or several plantations within a partial area. The comparative research on soil organic carbon in the major plantation at the whole country scale remains to be studied. In order to assess the status of soil organic carbon (SOC) content, density and storage in the soil under 9 main plantations in China, the data from 53 literatures about the SOC under 9 plantations (Hevea brasiliensis, Eucalyptus spp., Cunninghamia lanceolata, Phyllostachys edulis, Pinus massoniana, Robinia pseudoacacia, Populus spp., Pinus tabulaeformis and Larix spp.) published in recent decade. The results showed that the SOC content ranged from 4.0 to 31.1 g·kg~(-1) within 0-60 cm soil layer with the mean value of 14.8 g·kg~(-1). While the SOC density varied from 2.8 to 15.1 kg·m~(-2) in the same soil depth with the mean value of 84.5 kg·m~(-2). The SOC storage ranged from 28.2 to 158.1 Mg·hm~(-2) with the mean value of 84.5 Mg·hm~(-2). The SOC storage under 9 plantations was lower than under the wildwood in the same climate zone, and had a great potential for carbon sequestration. The maximum and minimum values were found in the Larix spp. and Robinia pseudoacacia plantations, respectively. The corresponding values under Phyllostachys edulis, Pinus massoniana, Eucalyptus spp., Cunninghamia lanceolata and Pinus tabulaeformis plantations were on the medium level. The SOC storage were higher under Hevea brasiliensis and Populus spp. plantations than Robinia pseudoacacia plantation. The spatial distribution of SOC storage under 9 plantations was approximately characterized by the patterns that the carbon storage increased with the latitude increasing, while the carbon storage decreased with the longitude decreasing. The organic carbon storage in soil under 9 plantations were significantly lower than the natural forest in the same climate zone showed the plantation soil had high carbon sequestration potential. Thus, searching for the effective pathways and measurement to sequestrate carbon and minimize the carbon loss is urgent in the plantation production management.