Drought is one of the most frequent natural disasters occurred in Taiyuan on long duration, especially to the national economy caused serious influence of agricultural production. With the global warming, more frequent extreme weather occurs, Drought frequency and damage are on the rise in Taiyuan. Based on the Station data of average precipitation and temperature from 1951 to 2012, SPEI, SPI index is used to quantitatively describe the Taiyuan drought in 62 years. Based on monthly scale SPEI, SPI index to analyze the changes of Taiyuan drought, and discuss the relationship between drought and large-scale climate factors with the cross-wavelet transform (XWT). The results show that the SPEI based on precipitation and evapotranspiration can be more flexible to reflect the characteristics of the drought changes; Cross wavelet transform analysis manifested a primary resonance cycle in 6-12 a between drought in Taiyuan and four large scale factors. A 6-12 a resonance cycle between SPEI, SPI and NAO was through the test of significance in the 19852000, and with certain positive correlation; The relationship between SPEI, SPI and WP in 19551960, 19902000 and 19701990 respectively has been presented in 2-3, 4-8 and 10-16 a significant resonance cycle, and exist lag correlation in the former; The pertinence between SPEI and PDO in19862000 had been displayed by two significant resonance cycles of 4-6 and 8-14 a, which respectively showed that the relationship negative and positive phase. In 19551960, a resonance spectrum on SPEI significantly lagged behind the PDO. Compared with SPEI, the correlation between SPI and PDO is weak, the relationship of the weak resonance was only in 19551960 and 19602000 showed. Correlation between SPEI, SPI and PNA in 19831995 was emerged by significant resonance cycles of 4-7 a, which reflected the SPEI, SPI significantly lagged behind the PNA.