According to the climate data from 1955 to 2011 obtained from 18 meteorological stations in Anhui province, the indexes of the precipitations,average temperatures in winters,summers,and the annual average values since the recent 56 years in Anhui Province are calculated and analyzed herein with the R/S analysis methods,and then the distribution of the main climate factors within that region is analyzed with the GIS spatial analysis method. The result shows that the Hurst phenomena are there in the climate changes of Anhui Province in the recent 56 years,furthermore,the spatial differences are there among the precipitations and temperatures ; i. e. on the whole, more precipitations are there in the southern region with higher temperature and strong sustainability,while less precipitations are there in the mid-northern region with lower temperature and weak sustainability.