A field litterbag experiment was conducted in an alpine forest in western Sichuan, China from 15 November 2012 to 31 October 2013. The typical arbor species(Larix mastersiana , Abies faxoniana,Betula albo-sinensis, and Sabina saltuaria ) and shrub species(Rhododendron lapponicum and Salix paraplesia ) in an alpine forest were selected. Samples of air-dried was filled in nylon litterbags(20 cm * 20 cm, 10 g per bag) were placed on the ground, and each litterbags had 2 cm spacing. The dynamic characteristics about soluble nitrogen and soluble phosphorus was measured in different habitats from forest gap to closed canopy （forest gap,canopy edge,expanded edge and closed canopy) at four critical periods (snow formation stage, snow cover stage, snow melt stage, growing season) of the first year of litter decomposition. The results indicated that the content of soluble nitrogen and soluble phosphorus in six species foliar litter had different change trend after first year of litter decomposition. The content of soluble nitrogen in six species foliar litter reduced in the winter, and increased in the growing season. But the content of soluble phosphorus continued to decrease in the first year of litter decomposition. Relative to forest gap, the content of soluble nitrogen increased significantly in expanded edge and closed canopy at snow formation stage. But the content of soluble nitrogen and soluble phosphorus in six species foliar litter had maximum at closed canopy in snow caver stage. Although the content of soluble nitrogen achieved to the minimum in the same habitat at snow melt stage in the first year of litter decomposition,the content of soluble phosphorus showed the ranked order of forest gap>canopy edge>expanded edge>closed canopy. During a growing season，the content of soluble nitrogen increased significantly, even higher than initial content in six kinds of leaf litters. But the content of soluble phosphorus continued to decrease,and achieve the minimum at forest gap and canopy edge. In addition, correlation analysis indicated that the content of soluble nitrogen was negative related to positive accumulated temperature and frequency of soil freeze-thaw cycle. But the content of soluble phosphorus was negative related to average temperature,positive accumulated temperature and negative accumulated temperature, and was positive related to frequency of soil freeze-thaw cycle in the first year litter decomposition. Meanwhile, multivariate analysis indicated that the content of soluble nitrogen and soluble phosphorus influenced by species differences particularly. These results indicated that climate warming in the future would change the pattern of forest gap in an alpine forest, which might decrease snow cover thickness in the winter and significant impacted on the content of soluble nitrogen and soluble phosphorus in litter decomposition at snow formation stage and snow cover stage in an alpine forest, and influenced litter decomposition at growing season.