Based on the daily observation data of 824 meteorological stations during 1951-2010 released by national meteorological information center, this paper evaluates the change of heat, moisture and winter conditions for crop growth. In this paper, we, taking the average over ten years as a value, analyze the spatial and temporal variations of the agricultural hydrothermal conditions in a 1-km grid. Then we build the regression equations of agricultural hydrothermal conditions to simulate the change trend over years. The main conclusions are summarized as follows. (1) The annual mean temperature, mean temperature in the coldest month and accumulated temperatures of the daily mean temperature ≥0℃ increased significantly for most parts of China, whose contours moved northward in the past 60 years. (2) The mean temperature in the hottest month can be identified into the falling region and rising region, the latter is distributed in Northeast China, Inner Mongolia Plateau and the coast of southeast China. The middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River and the Yangtze River belong to the region in a remarkable reduction. (3) The annual precipitation has an increasing trend, but it is inconspicuous. (4) The contours of 800 mm rainfall and the southern of 400mm rainfall were stable between 1951 and 2010, which determined the distribution pattern of agricultural production of China. However, the mean temperature in the hottest month of the middle and lower reaches of both the Yellow and Yangtze rivers had a decreasing trend from 1951 to 2010, and the contour of mean temperature in the coldest month shifted northward, in particular, the 0℃ contour gradually moved to the yellow line by the region of Qinling-Huaihe River. This had a major impact on the distribution of crops as well as on the farming system. Thus, the complex change of high temperature, low temperature, and heat supply in the crop growing period and water had impact on the agricultural production, which would change due to the regional differences and crop characteristics. We will study the suitable cultivation of crop in the background of global climate change by considering more factors and then explore the adaptability of regional agriculture to climate change.