Based on 0cm ground temperature,5cm ground temperature and average air temperature data of 38 stations in Liaoning province from 1961 to 2010,the annual,decadal and seasonal variation characteristics of 0cm ground temperature,air temperature and soil-air temperature difference were analyzed by using mathematical statistics,linear tendency rate,accumulated temperature anomalies and signal to noise ratio methods,and the 5cm ground temperature prediction model for sowing period was established.The results showed that there were good linear correlations between 0cm ground temperature and air temperature in annual scale; in recent 50 years, annual 0cm ground temperature and air temperature presented increasing trends,the ascending rate of ground temperature(0.39℃ /10a) was higher than that of air temperature(0.30℃ /10a) .The seasonal variation of 0cm ground temperature and air temperature was mainly displayed increasing trends,the temperature ascending rate in winter was higher,and in summer it was the lowest; the 0cm temperature was sensitive to climate warming than temperature in Liaoning; the soil-air temperature difference had no discernable increasing,that was 1.4 to 2.6℃; The abrupt changes of annual air temperature,0cm ground temperature of winner and 0cm soil-air temperature difference occurred in 1987,2000 and 2003; the mean absolute error of prediction precision of 5cm ground temperature in sowing period was 1.2 to 2.8℃,that can be used for ground temperature forecast in spring sowing period.