In recent,the concept and method of the life cycle assessment (LCA) is widely used and related studies make a big progress in many fields to elucidate the environmental impacts. Within the field of municipal solid waste treatment, life cycle assessment was first applied in the 1990s. Life cycle assessment applied on municipal solid waste treatment to realize the aim of reduction, reuse and recycling. The current application of life cycle assessment method in municipal solid waste treatment had been reviewed in this paper. Essential impact categories,such as global warming potential (GWP),acidificationpotential (AP) and Eutrophication (EP) were listed and compared to determine waste treatment hierarchy. The shortcomings on definition of the functional unit and the system boundaries, data collection, the selection of the impact assessment methodology, interpreting the results had been pointed out. And the future research direction of life cycle assessment in municipal solid was also analyzed.