It becomes more and more difficult to solve surface earth science questions,especially some global issues such as the climate change and ecological crisis,which have influences on the human survival and development,only using traditional geological research techniques. With the rapid development of molecular biology techniques,they are helpful for researchers to uncover the nature of various biological phenomena. More and more molecular biotechniques are introduced in earth sciences with significant achievements,opening a broader prospect of the main battlefield of economic construction. We outlined some of the molecular biology techniques,which can possibly be applied in earth sciences,including polymerase chain reaction,cloning, heterogeneous expression of proteins,polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis et al.