In order to study the responds of stomatal traits of desert plant to climate change and the effects on plant carbon sequestration capacity,the typical plants Nitraria tangutorum was chosen as research materials. According to annual average precipitation of Dengkou and the plant growth regulation,two precipitation enhancement period (early growing season and late growing season) were designed,each precipitation enhancement period with two rain enhancement gradient (50% and 100%),the artificial simulation of precipitation experiment to natural N. tangutorum shrubs was conducted. The stomata size,density and conductance of N. tangutorum leaves in different rainfall simulation treatment were studied with a Motic digital imaging microscope. The results showed that the precipitation treatments increased the stomata size (length and width) and stomata conductance of leaves compared with the control, on the contrary,the stomata density decrease in precipitation treatments,and the density of lower epidermis of leaves was greater than upper epidermis. For the same rainfall season, the effect on the stomata size,density and conductance in 100% treatment were higher than that of 50% treatment, however,no significant differences were found between the two gradient; the response of stomata size and stomata conductance of rainfall treatment in early growing season were more sensitive,while the response of stomata density was not obvious to rainfall treatment in different growing season; there was a certain coordination among stomatal traits. Under the conditions of the future increase of rainfall,the carbon sequestration capacity of desert plants can be improved by changing stomatal traits (expended stomatal channel).