With global warming,the evolution of Asian summer monsoon(ASM)becomes more complicated,while the thermal effect of the Tibetan Plateau(TP)is an important forcing to the variability of weather and climate in ASM areas.The regional climate model(RCM)is a useful tool in research of the regional climate change and has higher resolutions that can represent topography and land surface processes more accurately compared with atmospheric general circulation models(AGCMs).In this study,the impact of thermal forcing over different terrains of TP on ASM (including South and East ASM (SASM and EASM))is investigated using the Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF)models.Results indicate that the local circulation and precipitation around the Himalayas(HIM)are significantly influenced by the surface heating over the HIM's southern slope,which is a dominant factor for the formation of the north branch of SASM.Meanwhile,the climbing moist airflow and precipitation over the southern slope of TP are mainly induced by HIM's thermal forcing.Due to HIM's slope heating,the upper-level troposphere warm center is steadily located over the HIM area and the EASM is also intensified obviously(characterized both by the enhanced low-level southwesterly over East China and the enhanced southward anomalous dry-cold northerly).As to the surface heating over the TP's platform region(PL),although its influence on the summer monsoon circulation and precipitation is weaker than the HIM's,it induces a wider response of SASM and a stronger influence on the meridional Hadley circulation.The PL's heating is able to regulate low-level southwesterly over the remote tropical ocean.Furthermore,the comparison of multiple monsoon indices reveals that both HIM sloping heating and PL heating can intensify SASM or EASM,but the impacts of thermal forcing over different terrains on the two subsystems of ASM are distinct.