Climate changes during the past 1000 years have played an important role on ecosystems and societies. Guilin, which is located in the northeast of Guangxi, China, has been recognized as an ideal area to carry out the work of reconstructing paleoenvironmental changes in the karst region. Available evidence showed that most of the Holocene climate study in Guilin has been documented by stalagmite-based data. Study of multiple palaeoenvironmental proxies is requested to improve our understanding of Holocene climatic variability and change. In this study, we explored the changes of depositional environment, vegetation and climate during the past 1000 years by the sediment of ZY core (26°04.784'N, 110°42.385'E) in north Guilin. This core, about 1000m to the Xiaojin archaeological site, is located in Xiaojin Village, Ziyuan County. The sediment is 95cm in length and could be divided into three depositional units. The lithology from 95cm to 93cm is coarse sand and from 93cm to 19cm is gray clay with some sand. The upper-most layer appears to have been disturbed. Chronological framework of the study core is controlled by four AMS ~(14)C dates which were dated in Beta Analytic Inc. Multiple palaeoenvironmental proxies,including 50 samples for spores,pollen,freshwater algae and 22 samples for phytolith analysis, were carried out by the standard protocol. Results show that ZY core contains three distinct palynomorph zones. In zone ZY I (ca. 1000?870cal.a B.P.) and ZY II (ca.870 ?250cal.a B.P.) dominant arboreal taxa are ever-green Quer cus, Liquidambar and Pinus. Non-arboreal pollen is dominated by Poaceae (<40mum). Although proportions of fern spores in ZY II is lower than those in zone ZY I,arboreal taxa of both zones all indicate the dominance of ever-green and deciduous broadleaved forest, suggesting an episode of relatively warm and humid climate punctuated the generally cold conditions during ca. 1000?250cal.a B. P., corresponding to the Medieval Warm Period. The youngest palynomorph zone ZYIII is characterized by abundant of Pinus pollen and Poaceae of both size categories,indicating a widespread decline of broadleaved forest and increase of coniferous forest as the result of relatively cold climate that implies the present of the Little Ice Age in this study area. During ca. 1000?250cal.a B.P. the study area where ZY core is located was in relatively low-energy conditions and might have turned into paddy field since ca.250cal.a B.P. Proportions of phytoliths from Oryzoideae increased gradually since the last 1000 years, suggesting that rice might have been cultivated throughout the study period and intensive agriculture has been recorded since the last 250 years. Climate perturbation and the increasingly intensive human activities might have contributed to the change of vegetation since ca.250cal.a B.P. Our study demonstrates the climate oscillations and records the Medieval Warm Period and Little Ice Age climate conditions in Guilin during the past 1000 years and also our work contributes to discussion on the development of rice cultivation in the north of Guangxi.