Climate change serio usly affects the growth of plants, seriously challenging the maintaining of the stability of agricultural ecosystems. A complex and complete agricultural breeding program was needed to select new varieties with comprehensive excellent characters, like high yield, high yield ratio, high stability and potential environment friendly. The following was reviewed in this paper: when faced with increasingly intensifying environmental pressures, crop breeding workers should focus on how to improve the input-output ratio, and the tolerance of new crop varieties under biological and abiotic stress. The research progress of genetic engineering in the new plant breeding under environmental oppression was emphatically reviewed. By interdisciplinary collaboration, e.g. reverse genetics, quantitative genetics, plant physiology, the combination between genetic engineering and traditional plant breeding method is helpful to accelerate the process of new crop varieties' breeding which is more adaptable.