在~(14)C测年和岩石学的基础上,对豫北平原全新世钻孔沉积物孢粉分析,发现了蒿属、藜科、禾本科、菊科、莎草科、香蒲属6大科属草本,桦属、栎属、榆属3大科属阔叶类,以及裸子植物和蕨类各2种。孢粉含量具有6阶段的组合特征,分别对应6个时期的古气候与古环境演化: 10 200 ~ 8 200 cal BP,气候冷湿,8 200 cal BP处指示了一次较大的降温事件; 8 200 ~ 4 000 cal BP,温湿条件有波动,整体上显示了全新世中期整体暖湿气候的特征; 4 000 ~ 3 300 cal BP,湿度较4 000 cal BP时降低,气候由冷湿向冷干转变; 3 300 ~ 2 400 cal BP,整体呈寒冷干旱的气候特征; 2 400 ~ 1 350 cal BP,温度小幅回升,降水增加,气候变暖变湿; 1 350 cal BP迄今,温度小幅回落,气候较为干凉。总体上呈凉湿暖湿凉干的变化特征,各对应时期的裴李岗文化、仰韶文化和龙山文化分别呈现出欠兴旺-兴旺-衰落的景象。全新世气候的变化对古文化的兴衰演替有着决定性的影响。温度和湿度升高时期,受水热配置影响,喜湿热动植物增多,植被茂盛,原始农牧业生产力上升,物质相对丰富,人口增加,文化遗址单个规模、密度增大,显示出古文化兴旺的景象;反之,原始农牧业生产力下降,物质相对匮乏,文化遗址单个规模、密度相对变小,显示出古文化衰落的景象。本文研究结果初步表明中原地区中、晚全新世古气候变化与古文化兴衰之间有着很好的耦合关系。
英文摘要:
Based on lithology and ~(14)C dating survey,a spore-pollen analysis of Holocene sediments in northern Henan Plain was conducted. 6 grass , species,3 species broad-leaved tree species,2 gymnosperm tree species,and 2 fern species are found. The spore-pollen assemblages are divided into 6 zones that demonstrate a history of palaeoclimate and palaeoenvironment changes,which indicates an evolvement trend of cool-wet warm-humidcool-dry. 10 200 - 8 200 cal BP, the temperature and humidity were both low,a significant cooling event could be found in 8 200 cal BP; 8 200 - 4 000 cal BP, the spore-pollen assemblage indicated the humid-warm climate in the mid Holocene; 4 000 - 3 300 cal BP, the humidity was lower than that of 4 000 cal BP,the paleoclimate was becoming cold - dry; 3 300 - 2 400 cal BP, the palaeoclimate remained cold - dry in this period; 2 400 - 1 350 cal BP,climate got warm and humid; from 1 350 cal BP up to now,temperature fell down. The corresponding Peiligang culture,Yangshao culture and Longshan culture,showed aless developedprosperous decayedtrend. The Holocene climate changes had a decisive influence on the ancient culture succession. During the period of high temperature and humidity,the increasing of vegetation,primitive farming productivity,population,and ancient cultural sites indicates the ancient cultural prosperity. On the contrary, primitive farming productivity,population and ancient cultural sites decreased when temperature and humidity drop. This indicates a decay of the ancient cultures. Generally speaking, ancient cultural development corresponds to the paleoclimate changes.