The objective is to analyze the precipitation change and its influence on wheat agronomic traits in Linfen of Shanxi province in the past 30 years,and provide a theoretical basis and technological support for Huanghuai dryland wheat breeding to adapt to climate change in the future. The precipitation data and agronomic traits of control varieties date of Linfen in Shanxi province from 1986-2014 years were analyzed,the relationship between agronomic traits and meteorological elements were also analyzed by correlation and multiple regression as well path analysis. The results showed that the annual precipitation were increased lightly,but the precipitation in wheat growth period were decreased slowly; the precipitation of seeding to over-wintering period in growth stage was increased,but the precipitation of jointing to mature period in reproductive growth stage were reduced. For check variety,the 1 000-kernel weight and kernels per spike were increased,but the effective ear numbers and plant height as well grain yield were decreased. The precipitation of up to the jointing stage had positive correlation significantly with plant height,annual precipitation and the precipitation in wheat growth period had positive correlation significantly with plant height and kernels per spike,annual precipitation had positive correlation significantly with yield,plant height and 1 000-kernel weight as well effective ear numbers had positive correlation significantly with yield. There were 72% of yield per hectare variation was determined by 1 000-kernel weight,kernels per spike,plant height and annual precipitation. The impacts of precipitation on agronomic traits of winter wheat in Huanghuai dryland were obvious. Therefore,middle plant height,more effective ears numbers,and larger1000-kernel weight should be the improving direction in Huanghuai dryland wheat region.