【Objective】The change characteristics of sugarcane autumn drought under the background of climate change in Guangxi were analyzed,in order to provide some references for improving ability of sugarcane production to respond to climate change.【Method 】Based on meteorological data and sugarcane data during 1961-2010 in Guangxi, the indexes for sugarcane droughts in autumn were determined by using mathematical statistics method, combined with water demand feature of sugarcane. And the spatial distribution and change characteristics of droughts were analyzed based on geographical information system.【Result】In nearly 50 years, the light drought occurred with high frequency in sugarcane planting regions of Western and Southern Guangxi, the moderate and severe drought occurred with high frequency in sugarcane planting regions of Central and Northeast Guangxi. Under the background of climate change, during 1991-2010, the frequency of moderate and above moderate droughts increased by 26%-45%,and the frequency of severe and above severe droughts increased by 16%-35% in most of the places; the intensity of moderate and above moderate drought increased by 0.1-5.2 d, and the intensity of severe or above severe drought increased by 0.1-4.8 d, compared with 1961-1990.【Conclusion】The frequency and intensity of moderate and severe droughts or above severe droughts have increased in Guangxi since the 1990's, and autumn drought days increase in some years, and sugarcane production is more deeply influenced by autumn drought.