Based on the SPI and PDSI drought model,the NDVI derived from GIMMS and climate data provided from 13 metrological station in Jiangsu Province cross 1982 to 2013 were analyzed to explore the relationship between the vegetation cover and extreme droughts and floods. The results showed that the vegetation cover was showing a increasing trend in the past 30 years,and the seasonal vegetation cover varied greatly. The vegetation cover decreased in the southern Jiangsu Province,but increased in the northern Jiangsu Province since 2000. There was a good relationship between the NDVI and extreme droughts or floods in Jiangsu Province,and the lower NDVI value was found in the drought or flood year than that in the normal year. The extreme drought events exerted a great impact on the NDVI in spring,and floods cause the decline of NDVI in summer.