With the rapid development of agriculture in western China,influences of carbon (C) emissions on corresponding ecological region are elevated. Therefore,it is crucial to assess the C balance on crop production in Western China for seeking low-carbon emission agriculture development strategies in this region. Based on agriculture related statistical data from 12 provinces in Western China during 1997-2012,this study evaluated the changes in quantity of C emission and fixation of crop production in those regions. The results indicated that the amounts of C emission and fixation of crop production system of each province in Western China increased with the year. The annual average increase was 3.7*10~6 t CO_2-eq and 41.4*10~6 t CO_2-eq for C emission and fixation,respectively. In addition, the average rate for C emission and fixation ranges from 51.7*10~4 ~ 3 314.7*104 t CO_2-eq and 524.7*10~4 ~ 28 715.1* 10~4 t CO_2-eq,respectively. Among C emission inventories,chemical fertilizer application was the largest component occupied 45.7% of the total emission averagely,followed by fuel consumption of farming diesel and irrigation. Generally,the C balance of crop production in western China was surplus in fixation,but still observed variations varied greatly among provinces.