Ulan Buh Desert is typified by the interaction between human activities and climate change,and the reconstruction of history of formation and evolution will help to understand in the human-earth relationship. Combined on analysis of remote sensing and previous data, in this paper, more than ten exposing sites (including 3 profiles) of lacustrine deposit in the northern border of Ulan Buh Desert (to west of Dengkou County) are investigated in details by geomorphic,stratigraphic and chronological means,and a latest records before the lake retreating are obtained. The results show that the lake retreating began around 9.315 ~ 7.375ka B.P. (10.64 ~8.06 cal.ka B.P.) in most of the study area, but locally may continue to Middle- or Late-Holocene,perhaps, for some bays. Field and laboratory data indicates that the lacustrine strata was generally deposits formed at estuary environment since about 42cal.ka B.P., but the intensity of fluvial and lake processes was obviously various in both time and space. Temporally, before the Holocene, deposits are relatively coarser ones with oblique bedding, somewhere; reflecting relatively deep water of lake and dominant wave role in transportation and deposition of sediments, the relatively deep lake was advantageous to the formation of strong wave. Since the Holocene, sediments were becoming finer,and the setting of the suspended load predominates in deposits, all of which were covered by the red clay with horizontal bedding. It shows that the most shore were in still water environment. Spatial differentiation of sediments has mainly reflected the mutual growth and decline between the processes of rivers and lakes, and can be regard as response to scale of distributary channels on the delta plain, and to the relative distance of setting site from mouth of distributary channels. Based on stratigraphic records and analysis of sedimentary environments, combined with previous data in the study and its adjacent areas, we believe that the shallowing and retreating of the lake within the study area was mainly controlled by incision of the outlet of the Hetao paleolake, probably induced by headward erosion of the Shanxi-Shaanxi Gorge.