By collecting and sorting the drought and flood disasters of literature in Jiangsu region during the Ming and Qing dynasties,the relationship between the drought - flood disasters and its climatic change in Jiangsu region during 1368 - 1911 were analyzed by the accumulative anomaly method,moving average method and wavelet analysis. The results show that 362 times of drought and flood disasters occurred in Jiangsu region during 1368 - 1911; in which drought and flood disasters took place 108 and 254 times,respectively; so it was given priority to flood disasters. There were obvious stage characteristics for drought and flood disasters. It had prominently seasonal variation characteristics within one year; it also existed 7a,11a,17a and 22a of oscillation on time scale,so it had relationship with sunspot activity cycle. The spatial differences of the two disasters were very evident in some districts; it was occurred in the western region more than in eastern region,the southern region more than in the northern region. Drought and flood disasters had good relationship with the lower reaches of the Yangtze River climate change in Jiangsu region during the Ming and Qing dynasties. Since the 1760s,the influence of human activities on the global climate environment lead to regional drought and flood disasters occurred frequently.