为研究灌溉需水量的驱动因素,该文以甘肃省武威市为研究区,基于扩展的Kaya恒等式构建灌溉需水量因素分解模型,利用对数平均迪氏指数分解法(logarithmic mean Divisia index,LMDI)对武威市1995-2012年总体及不同时段灌溉需水量驱动因子进行因素分解,并计算灌溉需水量的影响因素的效应值。结果表明:近18 a来,武威市各行政区以节水高效为目的对武威种植结构进行了大幅调整,减少了高耗水作物小麦的种植面积,增加了耐旱的玉米、棉花等作物的种植面积;在1995-2012年间,武威市灌溉需水量减少了5.023*10~8 m~3,种植规模效应、种植结构效应、气候变化效应、节水工程效应分别为2.435*10~8 m~3、-3.994*10~8 m~3、-1.286*10~8 m~3、-2.178*10~8 m~3;不同作物对灌溉需水量增长的效应不同,其中小麦抑制灌溉需水量增长,是灌溉需水量减少的最主要影响因子;4个分解效应在不同时段对武威市各区县灌溉需水量作用不同,但除在2000-2005年对凉州区灌溉需水量增加有微弱的促进作用外,种植结构效应在不同时段均表现为抑制灌溉需水量增长的作用。研究结果为合理调控农业发展规模,制定武威市灌溉用水规划提供参考。
英文摘要:
In order to study the driving factors of irrigation water requirement and find the effective measures for relieving the sharp contradiction between the supply and demand of agriculture water resources, in this paper the factors decomposition model for irrigation water requirement was established based on the extended Kaya equation. The logarithmic mean Divisia index (LMDI) decomposition method was used to quantitatively analyze the driving factors for changes in irrigation water requirement. The change of irrigation water requirement was decomposed into 4 driving factors including planting scale effect, planting structure effect, climate change and water saving engineering effect. The irrigating quota of crop and irrigation water utilization coefficient reflected the climate change and water saving engineering, respectively. Two different decomposition methods of LMDI, addition decomposition and multiplication decomposition, were applied to calculate the effect value of the 4 driving factors for irrigation water requirement change. The irrigation water requirement from 1995 to 2012 in Wuwei city, Gansu Province was taken as an example. The effect values of 4 driving factors were calculated in different periods from 1995 to 2012. The results showed that during 1995-2012, the planting structure in Wuwei city was adjusted by reducing the planting area of wheat and increasing planting area of maize and cotton consuming less irrigation water than wheat. The amount of irrigation water requirement in 2012 was decreased by 5.023*10~8 m~3 in Wuwei city than that in 1995 including an increase of 2.435*10~8 m~3 caused by the planting scale effect, and the decrease of 3.994*10~8 m~3, 1.286 *10~8 m~3, 2.178*10~8 m~3 for the planting structure effect, the climate change effect, and the water saving engineering effect, respectively. The adjustment of planting structure was the most important factor for the decrease of the irrigation water requirement. From the effect value of different crops in the counties of Wuwei city, each crop had different effect on the change in irrigation water requirement. Wheat had the negative impact on the irrigation water requirement change and played a prominent role in decreasing the irrigation water requirement during 1995 to 2012. Among the 4 driving factors for the same crop, for most crops the planting structure effect was stronger than the others in all the regions. In addition, 4 driving factors in different periods played different role in changing irrigation water requirement in the counties of Wuwei city. However, the planting structure always had the inhibitory effect on increasing irrigation water requirement obviously in all the regions and periods except for Liangzhou in 2000-2005. Water saving engineering had the positive effect on increasing irrigation water requirement in Wuwei city, Liangzhou county and Minqin county during 2005-2012. The main reason was a decrease in irrigation water utilization coefficient. Therefore, improving the efficiency of irrigation water utilization and controlling agricultural development scale are effective measures for saving irrigation water in Wuwei city.