Spatial-temporal response of vegetation to climate change has been concerned by scientists for recent years. The climate in Tibet is unique and changeable due to its high altitude. With extremely fragile ecological environment, Tibet is one of the most sensitive areas to climate change in the global ecosystem. Therefore,it is of great significance to study the relationship between vegetation and climate change in Tibet. However,the interpolated climate data were not accurate enough owing to sparse meteorological stations in this area. This paper studied the spatial-temporal characteristics and interannual variability of climate factors in Tibet during 2001 to 2013 by MODIS land surface temperature data and Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission ( TRMM) precipitation data. And MODIS 16 - day composite product of the normalized difference vegetation index ( NDVI) was acquired to discuss the relationship between vegetation and climate factors by linear regression and correlation analysis method. The results are as following: ( 1) Vegetation,land surface temperature and rainfall in Tibet were consistent with each other in temporal fluctuation and spatial distribution; ( 2) NDVI and land surface temperature in most area was increasing, while there was no significant changes in overall rainfall,with annual change rates of - 0. 005 ~ 0. 005 /a,- 0. 05°C ~ 0. 15°C /a,- 30 ~ 40 mm/a,respectively; ( 3) NDVI,land surface temperature and rainfall varied greatly in different regions,and changed significantly in the central and eastern parts of Tibet; ( 4) The change of NDVI was closely related to climatic change ( especially the increase of land surface temperature) ; ( 5) The areas mainly affected by the land surface temperature were distributed in eastern and western Tibet,and the areas mainly affected by rainfall was located in the middle of Tibet. In conclusion,climate change affected and changed the terrestrial ecosystem structure and function,so monitoring of climate and ecosystem changes is necessary.