Based on ENVI and ArcGIS tools,using Landsat TM/ETM + image data in 2001 and 2013,this paper analyzed the characteristics of land use /cover change,and its main influence on the land surface temperature in Weiku Oasis,which is located in the northern Tarim Basin,Xinjiang. The results showed that: (1) The arable land increased by 3234.83 km~2,the other land types decreased by 3211.47 km~2,and the land surface temperature increased by 8.4 ℃ during the 12 years. (2) It was significantly negative correlation between land surface temperature and vegetation coverage. (3) Land use /cover change changed the spatial distribution characteristics of land surface temperature and vegetation coverage. The reasons were human activities,geographical position,local population, economic development,climate change,local policy,etc. This paper provides reference and guidance for sustainable development of ecological environment and agriculture in Weiku Oasis,as well as other arid areas.