Based on the data of air temperature, precipitation amount, crop phenology and crop yield in 5 cities of the Hexi Corridor in Gansu Province from 1991 to 2014, the climate characteristics, main crops phenology and yield change characteristics as well as their relationship were analyzed using the linear trend estimation method, the 5-year moving average method, the gray relevancy method and the Pearson correlation coefficient method. Results showed that: (1) A significant warming and wetting trend could be found in the Hexi Corridor during the past 24 years, the climate inclination rates were 0.43 ℃/10 a of temperature and 59.28 mm/10 a of precipitation. It turned warmer and drier in spring, the climate inclination rates were 0.69 ℃/10 a of temperature and 6.63 mm/10 a of precipitation. It turned warmer and more humid in summer/autumn, the climate inclination rates were 0.49 ℃/10 a of temperature and 16.83 mm/10 a of precipitation. (2) The sowing period of spring wheat was slightly shifted to a earlier date. The sowing period of maize showed a weak deferred trend. The mature period of spring wheat and maize showed a slightly advanced trend. The emergence period and growing season of spring wheat and maize showed a curtate trend. The seeding time, emergence period, mature period and the growing season of spring wheat and maize negatively correlated with air temperature. The seeding time and precipitation amount showed a relationship of quadratic curve. The emergence period negatively correlated with precipitation amount. The mature period and growing season positively correlated with precipitation amount. (3) The annual yield of wheat in the Hexi Corridor showed a significantly downward trend, and those in Jiayuguan, Jinchang, Wuwei, Zhangye and Jiuquan reduced by 0.5*10~4 t, 0.24*10~4 t, 10.94*10~4 t, 10.72*10~4 t and 13.85*10~4 t every 10 years. Annual maize yield in Jiuquan showed a slightly decreasing trend, and reduced by 0.89*10~4 t, and that in Jiayuguan, Jinchang, Wuwei and Zhangye generally showed an increasing trend, and reduced by 0.11*10~4 t, 5.22*10~4 t, 24.74*10~4 and 17.27*10~4 t respectively; The positive and negative alternations of relative meteorological yield of wheat in the Hexi Corridor were frequent, and the negative change of relative meteorological yield of maize was obvious. The wheat yield in Jiayuguan, Zhangye and Wuwei and the maize yield in Jiuquan and Jinchang were more affected by air temperature, the correlation coefficients were 0.6948, 0.7246, 0.7486 and 0.7344, 0.6836; The wheat yield in Jiuquan and Jinchang and the maize yield in Jiayuguan, Zhangye and Wuwei were more affected by precipitation, the correlation coefficients were 0.7849, 0.7391 and 0.6537, 0.6452, 0.7346. And (4) the impact of socio-economic factors on crops has been increased in recent years. The vigorous implementation of the national policy, the development and popularization of agricultural science and technology, and the planting willingness of the people in the Hexi Corridor have a great influence on crops. It is of great significance for agriculture to cope with climate change, make a rational use of climate resources, promote new crop varieties with shorter growing season and increase the potential productivity of crops.