Vegetation dynamics can represent the evolution of terrestrial ecosystems and have significant effects on the global climate change and hydrological cycle. This study quantified the temporal and spatial pattern of vegetation cover by using the MODIS NDVI, DEM, and meteorological data. This study was implemented in Guizhou from 2001 to 2010. The main methods of this study include linear regression, coefficient of variation, R/S analysis, correlation statistics and other mathematical methods. Results showed that: (1) The vegetation coverage increased 6.25% in Guizhou province from 2001 to 2010. The proportion of vegetation recovery reached 77.7%. (2) Vegetation coverage was stable in most areas of Guizhou province. This was proved by the variation coefficient between 0.01-0.16. The sustained recovery of vegetation is dominant during this period while the anti-sustainability only located in the western and northeastern parts of Guizhou province. (3) The precipitation and temperature had obvious spatial gradient. The temperature was found to be the dominant factor in the study area. (4) The vegetation cover increased significantly, particularly at high-altitude regions. The regions of mediate altitude had the largest area of vegetation which contributions more than 72.2% of the total area. Moreover, the NDVI values in this region had small variations compared with other regions.