内蒙古草原是我国华北、东北地区的重要生态屏障,阿拉善盟的生态环境直接影响到首都和华北地区的生态安全。以内蒙古自治区阿拉善盟19802014年年际人口、温度、家畜量及农作物面积变化为基础,2015年9月2016年4月,采用人户访问和半结构访谈的方式,对阿拉善盟3个旗的16个自然村进行问卷调查,分析被访问对象对本区域政府-NGO-农牧民等利益相关者多方参与的荒漠化治理模式的响应和认知,以及对未来生态环境治理的建议和意愿,以期为荒漠复合生态系统的建设提供管理建议。运用The R Programming Language中的探索性因子分析法进行数据分析,结果表明:①自然因素(干旱、虫鼠害等)和人为因素(工业增加、城市扩张、农业增加等)是基于访谈对象认知的本区域环境恶化的主要原因。②多年来,政府部门主导的生态补偿和生态移民等政策的实施,政府、NGO、农牧民的群策群力以及农牧民环保意识的增强等综合因素是研究区环境局部恢复的主要原因。未来,建议加快生态建设步伐,构建以政府主导,社会行动,社区参与为主导的荒漠化治理模式是阿拉善环境保护和可持续发展的需要。
英文摘要:
Grasslands in Inner Mongolia are important ecological barriers in North and Northeast regions of China. Ecological safety of the Beijing and North region is directly affected by the desert environment of Alxa, Western Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China, which is the largest Banner of Inner Mongolia, with a total area of 0.2702 million km2. This region has been extremely susceptible to desertification because of its geography, topographical features, serious anthropological disturbances, and climate change for many years. This study focused on the mode of combating desertification when multiple stakeholders, including Government, NGO, and farmers participate, The objective of the study was to provide case studies and management advices for the protection of deserted complex ecosystem in this typical vulnerable ecological region. We conducted a survey of 16 communities in three Banners of Alxa, Inner Mongolia, a total of 550 questionnaires were randomly distributed and 501 ( 91.09%) valid questionnaires were recorded. Responses to the questionnaires were acquired through interviews and semi-structured interviews from September 2015 to April 2016. Firstly, the preliminary survey was conducted from September 1,2015 to October 1,2015. Subsequently, the questionnaire was revised based on the response in the preliminary survey and expertise. The first face-to-face interview was conducted from October 6,2015 to December 25,2015 and the supplementary investigation was completed from April 10,2016 to April 22,2016. All the interviewers were trained beforehand on how to conduct the sampling, make introductions, take notes, and fill out the questionnaires. Moreover, the indicators of population, temperature, livestock, and crop planting area in Alxa from 1980 to 2014 were collected. The Exploratory Factor Analysis in R Language was adopted in data analysis, all the items were subjected to KMO and Bartlett tests to check if they were suitable for the Exploratory Factor Analysis. The results based on the response capability of farmers showed that natural factors (including drought and the threat of insects and rodents) and artificial factors (industrial expansion, urban expansion, and agricultural increment) are the major reasons for environmental deterioration in this region. In recent years, implementation of policies, including ecological compensation and ecological migration, advocated by government and increasing awareness among farmers are the reasons for partial restoration of the ecosystem. In the future,raising the pace of ecological construction,investigating the protection mode of desertification based on "Governmental leadership, social action, and community participation" should be the main criteria for environmental protection and sustainable development in Alxa.