In this paper, the applicability of the multi-timescale standardized precipitation index (SPI) and standardized precipitation evaporation index (SPEI) were analyzed, and the 53 years of drought evolution characteristics was evaluated using the meteorological data from 1962 to 2014 at Habahe region, Xinjiang. The results showed that,there was significant correlation between the SPI and SPEI indexes at different timescales of 12 - month, 3 - month and 1 - month. At the monthly scale, SPEI index evaluated more serious level than actual condition of drought event, and SPI index was better in practical use. At the 12 - month scale, drought severity decreased indicated both by the SPI index and SPEI indexes. The SPEI index,which considered the temperature changes under the global warming background, was in more practical use. The occurrence ratio of drought events in different seasons differed small when denoted by the SPI and SPEI indexes. In practical use, SPI index is applicable in the spring and winter, while SPEI or revised SPI indexes are applicable in the summer and autumn. Meantime there is a need to focus on the summer and autumn droughts.