This paper studies the establishment, development and main meteorological work of the Office of the Governor-General of Korea. Based on research on the founder, Wada Yuji, and his co-author, Sekiguchi Koiyoshi, of their Report on an Investigation of Korea's Ancient Observation Records, this article discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the three main research directions of the Report. Wata Yuji and Sekiguchi Koiyoshi conducted research into meteorology, astronomy and climatic changes of the Korean peninsula by using the historical records of the Choson Dynasty. Wada Yuji compiled and analyzed the rainfall in Seoul from the previous 140 years, and solved the data reliability problem of the Weather Records based on the observation of rain gauges. Sekiguchi tried to replicate the research paradigm of Wada, in order to verify comet sightings from the Astronomical Records. However, the nature of these traditional records prevented their research methods from becoming more generally applicable. Meanwhile, Sekiguchi's study was not as reliable and thorough as that of Wada's. Research into science and technology history at the Office made no further progress after them.