Since the implementation of ecological protection and restoration project in the Three-River Headwaters Region(TRHR),the degradation trend of ecological condition has been restrained preliminarily and local area has been improved.Based on the measurement of contribution rates of ecological projects and climate change on the values changes of major ecosystem services,including water regulation,soil conservation, sand-fixing,carbon fixation and oxygen release,air purification,water supply and herbage supply, this study carried out a cost-benefit analysis on the ecological protects in the TRHR.The results were as below:From 2004to 2012,the ecosystem services value in the TRHR increased by 237.22billion yuan, and it increased more obviously inside the natural reservation areas than outside areas.The sand-fixing service was most obviously affected by the implementation of the projects,followed by soil conservation service.The economic benefits of the ecological protection was 103.53billion yuan,which was 43.64percent of the increasing ecosystem services values,the benefit-cost ratio was 1:13.73,and the net economic benefits was 95.99billion yuan.The first-stage project in the TRHR has been promising and effective in general,however,a continued and long-term effort still will be needed for full recovery of the ecosystem in this region.