The characteristics of runoff are crucial for water resources management,water supply planning,environmental protection and ecological regeneration,and the temperature change caused by climate change decreases the stability of surface flow.In this study,the data of runoff volume,air temperature,precipitation and evaporation from Langan Hydrological Station,a management agency of the Keriya River Basin were used to analyze the sources of runoff with the wavelet analysis and M-K mutation test,and the response of runoff volume to temperature and precipitation change was also analyzed.The results showed that:① In the past 57 years,the runoff volume and air temperature in the Keriya River Basin was in a significant non-linear upward trend,while the increase of precipitation and evaporation was not obvious;② On the interannual scale,there was an 8 a period of runoff volume in the headwaters,and also a 12 a period of temperature and precipitation change.On the interdecadal scale,there was a 22 year period of runoff volume change,and also a 28 year period of the change of temperature,precipitation and evaporation.Moreover,there was a 22 a period of evaporation change;③ Runoff volume was affected by both temperature and precipitation.On the interannual scale,runoff volume was positively correlated with precipitation,but negatively with temperature and evaporation.However,on the interdecadal scale,the correlation between runoff volume and air temperature was higher,and the effect of temperature on runoff volume was more significant;④ In the periodic oscillation,temperature was in accordance with evaporation.The response of runoff volume change to the changes of temperature,precipitation and evaporation was time-lagged,such mode could regulate runoff volume of the Keriya River;⑤ Compared with the Urumqi River,the mutation of runoff volume of the Keriya River lagged for about 10 years,which was caused by the low temperature in the Keriya River Basin in the 1990s.