This paper is dedicated to quantitative analysis of the impact ofthe project of returning grain plots to forestry and grasslandand of the rainfall on soil erosion with a case study of Luohe River basin in northern Shanxi Province on the basis of the data of daily precipitation, soil type, and the data of MODIS NDVI and DEM by using the revised universal soil loss equation (RUSE). The results of the analysis showed that vegetation coverage tended to improve, and average vegetation NDVI in the areas of slope > 25° was higher than that of slope < 25°, but the improvement rate is lower; soil erosion in the areas of slope <25° and slope >25° tended to decline (when the change of rainfall was not taken into consideration), reflecting soil erosion reduction owing to the improved vegetation in the area of slope >25°. The period of 2000-2014 saw the increasing process concerning the annual rainfall, annual erosive rainfall, annual rainfall erosivity and the annual mean soil erosion amount with a strong synchronization and correlation at the same time; however, the circumstances changed after 2009: though the synchronization still maintained, a relatively small annual rainfall have led to a relatively large annual erosive rainfall, reflecting the decrease of the number of rainfall days, and the increase of rainfall intensity, which was consistent with existing outcome of the research. Rainfall was a dominant and controlling factor that played a leading role with a positive effect accounting for ca 74% on soil erosion, while vegetation coverage was a co-factor that played a secondary role with a negative effect accounting for ca 26% on soil erosion. In conclusion, as the influence of climate change on soil erosion is crucial to the Luohe River basin, it needs to strengthen the research on soil erosion in loess plateau area under condition of the climate change.